In honour of World Philosophy Day on November 18th, we are bringing you an introduction to the history of philosophy, and the origins of ancient philosophy from around the world! What is philosophy you may be asking? Well, the word philosophy comes from the two Greek words philos meaning love and sophos meaning wisdom, so philosophy literally means the love of wisdom. Philosophy can be broadly defined as the study of human existence and the fundamental nature of existence, reality, and knowledge.

There are five main areas of interest in modernday philosophy which can be applied to philosophy in both the east and the west, but the names that they’re now known by came from the Greeks; Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics and Aesthetics. By c. 4000 BCE it seems that philosophy was already established in Egypt in the form of a response to the Field of Reeds and in Mesopotamia, they saw themselves as coworkers with the gods; the gods created humanity and so the humans owed the gods a debt of gratitude through worship and proper behaviour. Problems arose when humans kept their part of the bargain but it seemed the gods didn’t come through with theirs.

Philosophy developed in India as a response to the Hindu texts known as the Vedas, in the form of the Upanishads and philosophy in ancient Persia was certainly developed before 1500 BCE, which is known due to the Avesta (Zoroastrian scripture) that was written down between 1500 and 1000 BCE and draws on concepts from the Polytheistic early Iranian religion. During the Zhou Dynasty in China between 1046 and 256 BCE, philosophy was first written down in the form of the early Confucian texts. Ancient Greek Philosophy began in the 6th century BCE with Thales of Miletus asking the question, what is the basic stuff of the universe? He was the first of the PreSocratics (all the philosophers before Socrates), and then after Socrates came Plato, Aristotle and others.

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— CHAPTERS —
0:00​ Introduction
1:00 What is Philosophy?
1:47 The Five Main Branches of Philosophy
4:00 Philosophy in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
5:54 Philosophy in Ancient India
7:05 Philosophy in Ancient Persia
8:32 Philosophy in Ancient China
9:58 Philosophy in Ancient Greeks (The Presocratics and beyond!)
14:20 Outro

— WANT TO KNOW MORE? —
Philosophy https://www.worldhistory.org/philosophy/
Greek Philosophy https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Ph...
Similarities Between Eastern and Western Philosophy https://www.worldhistory.org/article/...
Ancient Chinese Philosophy https://www.worldhistory.org/Chinese_...
Confucianism https://www.worldhistory.org/Confucia...
PreSocratic Philosophers https://www.worldhistory.org/PreSocr...
Aristotle https://www.worldhistory.org/aristotle/
Legalism https://www.worldhistory.org/Legalism/

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