THE HISTORY OF SPACE EXPLORATION

In 1600 BCE, the Babylonians already recorded the discovery of Mercury and Venus. Shortly thereafter, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn were also discovered. The philosophers of ancient Greece believed in a geocentric universe, meaning that the Earth was the center of the Universe. In the 2nd century CE, Ptolemy further developed this theory, stating that seven planets orbited around the Earth. They were the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to reject this idea. He developed the theory of a heliocentric universe, where everything revolved around the Sun. On April 26, 1781, Herschel reported the discovery of a new planet: Uranus. On November 13, 1846, Neptune was discovered. On January 23, 1930, Pluto was considered the ninth and final planet of the Solar System...

We know how much we had to go through to reach the knowledge we have today. How many theories have been created about the universe we live in? How many times have we believed in something? That the Earth is the center of the universe. That the Sun is the center of the universe.

Today, we have the technology to see galaxies billions of kilometers away, but it wasn't always like this.

How did human beings transition from meaningless theories to space explorers? How did we achieve the technology we have today? What were the factors that led us to space? Wars, political conflicts, tragedies, all of this is part of our history, and today I'm going to tell the story of space exploration.

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Technical Details:
Presentation and direction: Marcos Tinôco
Historical review: Daniel Café
Script: Marcos Tinôco, Rob Gordon, and Daniel Café
Editing direction: Vinicius Melted
Editing: Vinicius Melted, Elvis Sampaio, Pedro Bernardi
Cover art: Matheus Bassan
Production: Edmundo Pires Neto
Assistance: Beatriz Tocchio and Raisa Prudencio

Summary:

Introduction 00:00:00 00:03:16
Observation 00:03:17 00:07:57
The Arrival 00:07:58 00:17:15
Sputnik 00:17:16 00:30:04
Apollo 11 00:30:05 00:35:41
A New Beginning 00:35:42 00:43:20
The Era of Telescopes 00:43:21 00:51:13
Planets in Sight 00:51:14 00:57:29
James Webb 00:57:30 00:58:44
End 00:58:45 01:01:09

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Existence is transient.