Alqueva project, started in 1957, aims to solve the water shortage in the Alentejo, a region dependent on rainfall and the temperamental Guadiana River. After two years of work in the 1970s from the 20th century, there was a long period of waiting and popular struggle. The project restarted in 1994 with funds from European Union and with the creation of EDIA in 1995.

The construction of the dam, marked by symbolic events and community participation, progressed until the inauguration of the dam in 2002. The reservoir was filled in 2010, creating the largest artificial lake in Europe. The project transformed Alentejo, making water available for agriculture, public supply, hydroelectric energy and tourism, adding wealth and value to the region.