We go deep in the weeds on how the image on the Shroud of Turin could have been made. Artists, chemical reactions, and radiation (oh my)!

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Citations
Baldacchini, Giuseppe, et al. “Coloring linens with excimer lasers to simulate the body image of the Turin Shroud.” APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 47, no. 9, 2008.

Fanti, G. “Hypotheses Regarding the Formation of the Body Image on the Turin Shroud. A Critical Compendium.” Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, vol. 55, no. 6, 2011, doi: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2011.55.6.060507.

Fanti, G., et al. “Microscopic and Macroscopic Characteristics of the Shroud of Turin Image Superficiality.” Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 2010, DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2010.54.4.040201.

Fanti, Giulio, and Giuseppe Zagotto. “Blood reinforced by pigments in the reddish stains of the Turin Shroud.” Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 25, 2017, pp. 113120, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2016....

Fazio, Giovanni, and Giuseppe Mandaglio. “COULD THE TURIN SHROUD BODY IMAGE FORMATION BE EXPLAINED BY MAILLARD REACTION?” Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, pp. 177181, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4394070.

Heller, J.H., and A.D. Adler. “A Chemical Investigation of the Shroud of Turin.” Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, 1981, pp. 81103, DOI: 10.1080/00085030.1981.10756882.

Ichikawa, Sadao. “Somatic Mutation Frequencies in Tradescantia Stamen Hairs Treated with Relatively Low Thermal Neutron Fluxes.” Radiation Research,, vol. 147, no. 1, 1997, pp. 109114, doi:10.2307/3579449.

Jackson, J. P., et al. “Correlation of image intensity on the Turin Shroud with the 3D structure of a human body shape.” Applied Optics, vol. 23, no. 14, 1984, pp. 22442270.

Kearse, Kelly. “A revised, natural explanation for the shroud of turin image: creation of a composite Maillard reaction.” Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences, 2020, DOI: 10.15406/jhaas.2020.05.00236.

McCrone, Walter. “The Shroud of Turin: Blood or Artist's Pigment?” Acc. Chem. Res., vol. 23, 1990, pp. 7783.

Newhauser, Wayne, and Rui Zhang. “The physics of proton therapy.” Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 60, 2015, doi:10.1088/00319155/60/8/R155.

Rogers, Raymond, and Anna Arnoldi. “THE SHROUD OF TURIN: AN AMINOCARBONYL REACTION (MAILLARD REACTION) MAY EXPLAIN THE IMAGE FORMATION.” MELANOIDINS IN FOOD AND HEALTH COST ACTION 919, vol. 4, 2003, pp. 106114.

“ROGERS’ MAILLARD REACTION HYPOTHESIS EXPLAINED IN DETAIL BY ROGERS HIMSELF.” 2012, https://shroudofturin.files.wordpress.... Accessed 1/1/2023.

Rouvillois, Gildas. “A Point Of Nuclear Physics About The Shroud Of Turin.” https://www.shroud.com/grouvil.htm.

Rucker, Robert. “Solving the Carbon Dating Problem for the Shroud of Turin.” 2022.
Schwalbe, L. A., and R. N. Rogers. “Physics and Chemistry of the Shroud of Turin: A summary of the 1978 Investigation.” Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 135, 1982, pp. 349.

Walsh, Bryan, and Larry Schwalbe. “An instructive interlaboratory comparison: The 1988 radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, no. 29, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019....

Timestamps:
0:00 Intro
1:15 Corrections
2:10 Image description
3:35 Photonegative Image
4:57 3D Encoded Information
6:00 Darkened fiber characteristics
8:18 Halftone effect
9:30 No image under the bloodstains
10:45 Hypothesis 1: Medieval artist w/ paint or stain
17:00 Hypothesis 2: Maillard Reaction (Ray Rogers)
27:12 Radiation Primer
30:10 Hypothesis 3a: Proton Radiation
37:50 Hypothesis 3b: UV Radiation
41:30 Hypothesis 3c: Neutron Radiation
50:00 Problems with Rucker's neutron radiation hypothesis
1:02:00 Summary
1:05:00 Fallacy of the Day: Rescue Device

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