What was the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19? While it is often assumed to be about homosexuality, such an interpretation misses the ancient context. In this video, I dig into the primary sources from a critical academic perspective and show how the sin of Sodom changed over time.

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This channel is now known as Tablets and Temples, unpacking ancient history and religion. Formerly known as Bible Unboxed.

Keywords:

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Sources:

In addition to the primary sources shown on screen there's a lot more additional academic sources than usual for this video so I've broken them down by topic:

Genesis 19 Sources:

Scott Morschauser (2003). ‘Hospitality’, Hostiles and Hostages: On the Legal Background to Genesis 19.19.
Bolin, T. M. (2004). The role of exchange in ancient Mediterranean religion and its implications for reading Genesis 1819.
Hamilton, V. P. (1995). The Book of Genesis, Chapters 1850 (Vol. 1).
Hunt, M. (2013). The two daughters of lot (Genesis 19: 138)
Kugel, J. L. (1999). The Bible as it was
R. Alter (1996). Genesis
G. Athas (2016). Has Lot Lost the Plot? Detail Omission and a Reconsideration of Genesis 19.
See also comments on Judges 19 by Cheryl Exum in Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives (2015, p. 145)

Ezekiel Comments on Toevah:
Ezekiel 120, Moshe Greenburg (Anchor Bible Commentary)
Ezekiel 119, Brownlee (World Bible Commentary)

Male Sexual Violence in the Ancient World:
Herodotus, Persian Wars 8.105
Pomponius, "whatever man has been raped by the force of robbers or the enemy in wartime (vi praedonum vel hostium)" ought to bear no stigma" Digest 3.1.1.6
https://www.shilohproject.blog/these...
http://adamjones.freeservers.com/male... (I have not been able to verify the primary sources for all the claims made in this paper about Persian violence, but have provided similar examples in the video and here in the sources).
Eurymedon vase, depicts a Persian soldier about to penetrate a defeated enemy with his penis
Balawat Gates, depicts prisoners of war being carried away naked

2 Samuel 10 Commentary:
Hospitality and Hostility: Reading Genesis 19 in Light of 2 Samuel 10 by Nathan MacDonald

Jude Commentaries:
1 Peter, Jude, 2 Peter Harrington (p. 197)
William Loader, The NT on sexuality (2012, p. 335)
R. Bauckham, Jude
Reese, Jude

Philo's views:
The Perception of Women in the Writing of Philo of Alexandria, Dorothy Sly (Thesis)

The inferiority of the receptive partner in the ancient Mediterranean:
Myths and Mysteries of SameSex Love By Christine Downing
Eros: the myth of ancient Greek sexuality, Bruce S. Thornton
Bible Now, Friedman and Shawlansky

Sodom and Gomorrah in Philo and the early Church:
The Sin of Sodom in Late Antiquity, Eoghan Ahern
The Changing Face of Sodom, Part I by David Clark in Between Medieval Men: Male Friendship and Desire in Early Medieval English Literature
Between Medieval Men: Male Friendship and Desire in Early Medieval English Literature