Carpometacarpal (CMC) joints. Where wrist connects to hand.
First CMC (aka CMC1 and Trapeziometacarpal) Articulation between trapezium and base of first metacarpal.
Base of second metacarpal articulates with trapezium, trapezoid and capitate.
Base of third metacarpal articulates with capitate.
Base of fourth metacarpal articulates with capitate and hamate.
Fifth metacarpal base articulates with hamate.

References
Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Carpal Bones https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Sternoclavicular Joint https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.
Transition between palm and fingers. Articulation of metacarpal head of the hand and proximal phalanx of the finger.
Multiaxial joint allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction.
Dynamically coordinates with interphalangeal (IP) joints to perform thumb opposition and composite finger flexion.

Thumb MCP Joint
Proximal convex surface of first metacarpal bone is opposed by elliptical cavity of proximal phalanx.
Two sesamoid bones secured by intersesamoid ligaments are present in palmar aspect of joint capsule.
Hinge joint allows 80 to 90o of flexion with minimal extension, adduction or abduction.
Provides additional flexion to thumb in opposition, permitting grasping and contouring objects to facilitate fine motor tasks.

Fingers Two through Five MCP Joint
Oval convex metacarpal surface that articulates with a concave, shallow proximal phalangeal surface.
Shallow ball and socket joint enables flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and limited circumduction.
Much less restricted in motion compared to thumb MCP joint.

References
Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Carpal Bones https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
Wrist Imaging https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...


Carpal Bones: Bones of wrist that connect distal aspects of radius and ulna of forearm to bases of five metacarpal bones of hand.

Eight carpal bones. Two rows Proximal row and distal row.
Proximal (Radial to ulnar): Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform.
Distal (Radial to ulnar): Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.

Carpals: Proximal Row
Scaphoid: Forms radial border of proximal carpal row.
Lunate: Located between scaphoid and triquetrum. Lies near median nerve.
Triquetrum: Articulates with pisiform, lunate and hamate bones.
Pisiform: Articulates with triquetrum. Serves as attachment site for various tendons and ligaments.

Carpals: Distal Row
Trapezium: Between scaphoid and base of first metacarpal. Has a saddleshaped facet for articulation with first metacarpal and provides a site for a few tendons and ligaments to either pass through or attach.
Trapezoid: Located between trapezium and capitate.
Capitate: Largest and most central carpal bone with articulations to several bones and attachments to several intercarpal ligaments.
Hamate: Named for its hook. Forms ulnar border of distal carpal row that serves to protect ulnar artery and nerve within Guyon's canal. Provides attachments to several ligaments.

Dr Donald A Ozello DC of Championship Chiropractic in Las Vegas, NV
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