From the knife of you Kitchen to the car in your house. we use steel very widely. Do you know Steel is used in many other applications depending on the properties of the steel. You often hear words like strength , Stiff , tough, hard , ductile and brittle when it comes to metal.
Let me know in the comment section any 3 uses of steel in day to day life.
in this Video we will learn about different properties of steel and how do we modify them using alloying elements ?
Steel is known for it's strength and that is why the weapons' made of steel are more popular in medieval times .
lets understand top properties of steel with simple examples.
To understand this we need to understand what is stress and strain?
So lets see what is stress ? Lets say there is an object with you and you apply pressure with you hand. So it will fill pressure and change it's shape. This phenomena is known as applying stress. Every material have different way of behaving under stress depending on the metallic structure. Now when we apply force that object change the shape. This ratio of the change to the original shape is known as Strain.
All Metals have metallic bonds in the structure and that bonds behave differently under different type of forces. based on their behavior under stress material properties are decided.
There are mainly 3 types of stress.
1. Tensile Stress
2. Compression stress
3. Shear stress
Just click a like button if you want me to make another video on different types of stress with simple explanations and how they work.
Normally Metal sample is taken and we apply different forces and observe the effects of changes on material.There is a graph called stress strain graph and we observe the change in material in that graph to detrermine the proporties of material.

So when we put material under tensile stress at some point material can regain it's original shape. But after certain point of stress it can not go back to its original shape and it stays in the same deformed shape and if you still put that under more stress it will start getting narrow and at one point it will break.
This graph helps us understand the main properties of material. We find young's modulus using this graph which helps us predict how much strength material have and at what point it will fail. Also same graph is used to determine at what point material will enter into permenent deformation point which helps us in bending and forming different shapes in metal.

Lets understand the stiffness of the Steel. When you have This graph it shows how much Stiff the material is.
Now in the opposite case like rubber if you make a graph it's molecules can withstand a high tensile stress and it can go back to it's normal stage even after a high deformation. Those material will have a graph like this.

Now the in between is the stage where you find the ductile material. so lets understand what is ductile. When you apply tensile stress to the material it can absorb a lot of energy and have a high deformation curve. Inshort, they can absorb the energy or force for a longer time and deform into a different shape. Forexample take the example of Mars chocolate bar.

Just the opposite of this is called brittleness of the material. This means as soon as we apply some energy after some point they will easily break without the deformation.

Do you know this property of steel actually changes with the different temperatures. Quite a few ships were broken into the pieces in early 1900s.
Because Cold water temperature of the water made steel very brittle .

Anotehr important proporty of metal is Hardness. It is nothing but an ability to scratch or dent the surface of the material. The good thing about steel is it's surface can be tempered with the Heat make make it hard. Most common examples of these proporty is the the Hardening of swards and Knives. Also in the Engineering industries Tool's Tips are hardened to last longer and stay sharp for a longer time.


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#steelmaking #sheetmetal
#mechanicalengineering #mechanical



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