In this video, we will discuss the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, and workup of hyponatremia. The explanation is clinically oriented to prepare you for realworld settings of hyponatremia cases. we will discuss the role of ADH, excess water intake, and oral sodium intake in developing hyponatremia. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are water balance issues. In the second part, we will discuss hyponatremia diagnosis and workup.

0:00 Introduction
0:26 Hyponatremia and total body sodium
1:19 Hyponatremia and excess water in the ECF
2:37 Water regulation in the body
4:39 Two elements must exist for hypotonic hyponatremia to develop
5:48 Hypertonic hyponatremia
6:47 ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) regulation
8:38 SIADH
9:21 Role of sodium intake in hyponatremia
9:56 Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic hyponatremia
11:21 Hyponatremia diagnosis
11:59 Hypertonic hyponatremia and osmolar gap
13:25 Hypotonic hyponatremia
15:36 Hyponatremia workup (Urine sodium, urine chloride, urine osmolality)

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