Vertebral column anatomy: The vertebral column consists of 33 bones in youth, which later fuse into 26 bones total. The vertebral column can be divided into five main regions:

The cervical region, which consists of 7 cervical vertebrae (C1C7)
The thoracic region, which consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1T12)
The lumbar region, which consists of 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1L5)
The sacrum
The coccyx

There are four major curvatures in the vertebral column: two primary curvatures (kyphotic), and two secondary curvature (lordotic).

There are 23 intervertebral discs in the vertebral column, which separate, anchor, and cushion each adjacent vertebra. These pads of fibrocartilage consist of a nucleus pulposus, as well as the annulus fibrosus.

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