Virchow's Triad details three main factors for why a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis) forms within a vein. As a nurse it is important you are able to identify these factors in your patient and take measure to prevent a potential DVT.

The three main factors included in Virchow's Triad are: stasis of venous blood flow, hypercoagulability, and endothelial damage.

Stasis of venous blood flow allows for blood to congeal (coagulate). This can be related to immobilization, varicose veins, surgery, etc.

Hypercoagulability occurs when the patient has an increased risk of coagulation (clot formation) within the blood (this is usually due to a disease process within the body). This can occur with certain types of cancer, illness (sepsis), dehydration etc.

Endothelial damage occurs when either direct or indirect damage has occurred to the inside lining for the vein wall. This can be from IV drug usage, venipuncture, medications, or indwelling devices.

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