Whenever I write about Catherine Howard, I receive comments expressing sympathy for her, often suggesting she was groomed or sexually abused as a girl. But what does historical evidence really say about Henry VIII’s fifth wife and her relationships with her music teacher Henry Manox and her stepgrandmother’s employee Francis Dereham?

In this video, I delve into primary sources from the 16th century to uncover the truth. Was Catherine Howard a victim of grooming and abuse, or were her relationships consensual within the norms of Tudor society? Join me as I explore this complex and often misunderstood chapter of Tudor history.

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