China is now a scientific superpower, and now leads the United States and the European Union in several key measures of scholarship and research output.

Much of China's top research and scientific talent are also headed back to China, and bringing with them deep, specialized industry knowledge in dozens of fields.

Western export curbs on critical technologies and tools for semiconductor manufacturing have ironically chased much top Chinese talent away from Silicon Valley and Europe, back to China. By closing off customers for their products, they concluded they are better off, instead, returning to China and doing business here, with Chinese partners and Chinese customers.

Resources and links:

Reuters, US wants to contain China's chip industry. This startup shows it won't be easy
https://www.reuters.com/technology/us...

FT, How Huawei surprised the US with a cuttingedge chip made in China
https://www.ft.com/content/327414d2f...


Reuters, Focus: China's AI industry barely slowed by US chip export rules
https://www.reuters.com/technology/ch...

The Economist, China has become a scientific superpower
https://www.economist.com/scienceand...

Zerohedge, China Outpaces America In Science
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/20240...

Can this startup help China break through US chip restrictions?
https://interestingengineering.com/cu...

Optical Proximity Correction, description and image from Wikipedia