Today we’re going to discuss what it means for a place to be “developed”. Development is often associated with economic success — that is countries with higher standards of living and material wealth like those found in Europe and North America. But as we’ll see, this perspective is only one way to compare countries on the global stage, has strong ties to colonialist histories, and doesn’t necessarily capture a place’s environmental and socioeconomic sustainability or even the population’s general happiness. We’ll focus on the region in the Middle East and North Africa, called MENA, and examine how the histories of the United Arab Emirates and Lebanon have resulted in drastically different development scores.
[Sources]
General
Getis, Bjelland, and Getis. Introduction to Geography, 15 ed. McGrawHill Education. 2017. ISBN: 9781259570001
Gregory, Derek, Ron Johnston, Geraldine Pratt, Michael Watts, and Sarah Whatmore, eds. 2009. The Dictionary of Human Geography. 5th ed. WilleyBlackwell. ISBN: 9781405132886
For a free and open source option for Intro to Human Geography, see: https://humangeography.pressbooks.com/
For a free and open source option for World Regional Geography, see: https://worldgeography.pressbooks.com...
Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam: 2020 edition. The Princeton Review.
Human development Indices
https://worldhappiness.report/faq/
https://www.academia.edu/33199038/The...
http://www.gnh.institute/grossnation...
http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/fil...
UAE Sources
https://www.cia.gov/theworldfactboo... (lists 30% of economy as oil and gas)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History...
Lebanon Sources
https://www.cia.gov/theworldfactboo...
https://theconversation.com/lebanono... “actually existing neoliberalism”
https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/...
World Bank, IMF, and GDP Charts
https://databank.worldbank.org/data/d...
https://thearabweekly.com/sixdecades...
stilllookinggrowthmodel
https://blogs.worldbank.org/arabvoice...
middleeastandnorthafrica
https://www.salon.com/2016/05/31/wron...
China, Belt and Road
https://theconversation.com/isthere... el)
First/Third World
https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworl...
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/t...
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