This is a story about a young girl who explores the cause underlying her nail biting habits. The video introduces Body Focused Repetitive Behaviours (BFRBs) as a reason for nail biting. This story outlines several examples of BFRBs, their causes, and treatments. This video is intended for educational purposes only and is based on scientific research.

This video was created by McMaster students Jordan Chin, Saba Bhatti, and Viktoriya Bilyk in collaboration with the McMaster Demystifying Medicine Program

Copyright McMaster University 2022

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For support with BFRBs visit http://www.canadianbfrb.org/learn/faq/

Where to find information:

● For prevalence rates (mild and pathological) see: Houghton et al. (2018)

● For clinical case prevalence see: Hyles et al. (2009)

● For selfharm continuum and self injurious behaviours see: Mathew et al. (2020)

● For genetic evidence see: Redden et al. (2016)

● For SUD and ADHD comorbidity see: Redden et al. (2016)

● For daily functioning with BFRBs see: Flessner et al. (2015)

● For OCDrelated content see: Tolin et al. (2018)

● For emotional correlates see: Redden et al (2016); Roberts et al. (2013); Roberts et al.

(2015)

● For dermatology and BFRBs see: Sampaio & Grant (2018)

● For choice between physician and psychologist see: Houghton et al 2018

● For psychological treatments see: Reddy et al. (2020); Woods & Houghton (2016); Nakel (2015)

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References:

Alexander, J. R., Houghton, D. C., Bauer, C. C., Lench, H. C., & Woods, D. W. (2018). Emotion regulation deficits in persons with bodyfocused repetitive behavior disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 463470. Chamberlain, S. R., & Odlaug, B. L. (2014). Body focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) and personality features. Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports, 1(1), 2732.

Flessner, C. A., Francazio, S., Murphy, Y. E., & Brennan, E. (2015). An examination of executive functioning in young adults exhibiting bodyfocused repetitive behaviors. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 203(7), 555558.

Hayes, S. L., Storch, E. A., & Berlanga, L. (2009). Skin picking behaviors: An examination of the prevalence and severity in a community sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(3), 314319.

Houghton, D. C., Alexander, J. R., Bauer, C. C., & Woods, D. W. (2018). Bodyfocused repetitive behaviors: More prevalent than once thought?. Psychiatry research, 270, 389393.

Mathew, A. S., Davine, T., Snorrason, I., Houghton, D. C., Woods, D. W., & Lee, H. J. (2020). Bodyfocused repetitive behaviors and nonsuicidal selfinjury: A comparison of clinical characteristics and symptom features. Journal of psychiatric research.

Nakell, S. (2015). A healing herd: benefits of a psychodynamic group approach in treating bodyfocused repetitive behaviors. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 65(2), 295306.

Redden, S. A., Leppink, E. W., & Grant, J. E. (2016). Body focused repetitive behavior disorders: Significance of family history. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 66, 187192.

Reddy, Y. J., Sudhir, P. M., Manjula, M., Arumugham, S. S., & Narayanaswamy, J. C. (2020). Clinical Practice Guidelines for CognitiveBehavioral Therapies in Anxiety Disorders and ObsessiveCompulsive and Related Disorders. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(Suppl 2), S230.

Roberts, S., O'Connor, K., & Bélanger, C. (2013). Emotion regulation and other psychological models for bodyfocused repetitive behaviors. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 745762.

Roberts, S., O'Connor, K., Aardema, F., & Bélanger, C. (2015). The impact of emotions on bodyFocused repetitive behaviors: Evidence from a nontreatmentseeking sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 46, 189197.

Sampaio, D. G., & Grant, J. E. (2018). Bodyfocused repetitive behaviors and the dermatology patient. Clinics in dermatology, 36(6), 723727

Selles, R. R., Ariza, V. L. B., McBride, N. M., Dammann, J., Whiteside, S., & Storch, E. A. (2018). Initial psychometrics, outcomes, and correlates of the Repetitive Body Focused Behavior Scale: examination in a sample of youth with anxiety and/or obsessivecompulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 81, 1017. Tolin, D. F., Gilliam, C., Wootton, B. M., Bowe, W., Bragdon, L. B., Davis, E., ... & Hallion, L. S. (2018). Psychometric properties of a structured diagnostic interview for DSM5 anxiety, mood, and obsessivecompulsive and related disorders. Assessment, 25(1), 313.

Woods, D. W., & Houghton, D. C. (2016). Evidencebased psychosocial treatments for pediatric bodyfocused repetitive behavior disorders. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(3), 227240.